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1.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 39(3): 321-327, jul.-sep. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1410009

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo . Analizar y determinar la actividad antifúngica in vitro del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Solanum hispidum Pers. Materiales y métodos . Se realizó el análisis fitoquímico preliminar cualitativo mediante reacciones de color y precipitación. Se investigó la actividad antifúngica in vitro frente a Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasilensis y Trichophyton mentagrophytes usando el método de difusión en pozo de agar y el ensayo de la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI). Resultados . El análisis fitoquímico preliminar cualitativo mostró la presencia de compuestos fenólicos, taninos, flavonoides, esteroides, alcaloides y saponinas. La actividad antifúngica in vitro fue demostrada para todos cultivos fúngicos con halos de inhibición entre 23 a 26 mm. Los valores de la CMI fueron de 125, 250 y 125 µg/mL para C. albicans, A. brasilensis y T. mentagrophytes, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El extracto etanólico de las hojas de Solanum hispidum Pers contiene importantes metabolitos secundarios y tiene moderada actividad antifúngica.


ABSTRACT Objective. To analyze and determine the in vitro antifungical activity of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Solanum hispidum Pers. Materials and methods. We carried out a preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis by color and precipitation reactions. We evaluated the in vitro antifungical activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasilensis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes by using the agar well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Results. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids and saponins. In vitro antifungal activity was demonstrated for all fungal cultures with inhibition halos between 23 to 26 mm. The MIC values were 125, 250, and 125 μg/mL for C. albicans, A. brasilensis, and T. mentagrophytes, respectively. Conclusions. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Solanum hispidum Pers. contains important secondary metabolites and has moderate antifungical activity.


Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Solanum/chemistry , Mitosporic Fungi/drug effects , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Ethanol , Phytochemicals/analysis
2.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 21(1): 41-50, ene. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1370333

ABSTRACT

Solanum nudum Dunal (Solanaceae) is most commonly known andused by the population of the colombian Pacific coast as an antimalarial treatment. This article study into optimization and quantitative analysis of compounds steroidal over time of development of this species when grown in vitro and wild. A new steroidal compound named SN6 was elucidated by NMR and a new method of quantification of seven steroidal compounds (Diosgenone DONA and six steroids SNs) using HPLC-DAD-MS in extracts of cultures in vitroand wild was investigated. Biology activity of extracts was found to a range of antiplasmodial activity in FCB2 and NF-54 with inhibitory concentration (IC50) between (17.04 -100µg/mL) and cytotoxicity in U-937 of CC50 (7.18 -104.7µg/mL). This method creates the basis for the detection of seven sterols antiplasmodial present in extracts from S. nudum plant as a quality parameter in the control and expression of phytochemicals.


Solanum nudum Dunal (Solanaceae) es el más conocido y utilizado por la población de la costa del Pacífico colombiano como tratamiento antipalúdico. Este artículo estudia la optimización y el análisis cuantitativo de compuestos esteroides a lo largo del tiempo de desarrollo de esta especie cuando se cultiva in vitro y en forma silvestre. Un nuevo compuesto esteroideo llamado SN6 fue dilucidado por RMN y se investigó un nuevo método de cuantificación de siete compuestos esteroides (Diosgenone DONA y seis esteroides SN) usando HPLC-DAD-MS en extractos de cultivos in vitro y silvestres. La actividad biológica de los extractos se encontró en un rango de actividad antiplasmodial en FCB2 y NF-54 con concentración inhibitoria (IC50) entre (17.04 -100 µg/mL) y citotoxicidad en U-937 de CC50 (7.18 -104.7 µg/mL). Este método crea la base para la detección de siete esteroles antiplasmodiales presentes en extractos de planta de S. nudum como parámetro de calidad en el control y expresión de fitoquímicos.


Subject(s)
Steroids/analysis , Solanum/chemistry , Antimalarials/chemistry , In Vitro Techniques , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Solanum/growth & development , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Phytochemicals , Antimalarials/pharmacology
3.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 15(2): 94-98, mar. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-907523

ABSTRACT

Solanum crispum Ruiz & Pav. (S. crispum) is a southern South American native plant that is usually used in traditional medicine for the treatment of symptoms associated with both, acute and chronic ailments. Enema and infusion of leaves and stems are used to treat fever, headache, inflammation and hypertension. In this study, we aim to assess the vasoactive effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of S. crispum on isolated rat aorta rings. The hydroalcoholic extract of S. crispum induced a vasodilatory effect (42.6 +/- 4.1 percent) in aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (0.1 μM). The aortic relaxation was largely endothelium-dependent and mediated by nitric oxide (NO). The endothelium- and NO-dependence was demonstrated by a drastic fall in the dilatation induced by the extract when the endothelium was removed (10.6 +/- 2.3 percent) and when nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was inhibited (12.3 +/- 2.5 percent) by nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA). This result supports the popular use of S. crispum in the treatment of hypertension that may be due, at least in part, to the vasodilator effect of one o more compounds present in their leaves and stems. Further studies should be performed to clarify this phenomenon.


Solanum crispum Ruiz & Pav. (S. crispum) es una planta nativa de América del Sur meridional que se utiliza generalmente en medicina tradicional para el tratamiento de los síntomas asociados con dolencias agudas y crónicas. El enema y la infusión de las hojas y tallos se utilizan para tratar la fiebre, el dolor de cabeza, la inflamación y la hipertensión. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto vasoactivo de un extracto hidroalcohólico de S. crispum en anillos aislados de aorta de rata. El extracto hidroalcohólico de S. crispum indujo un efecto vasodilatador (42,6 +/- 4,1 por ciento) en anillos aórticos precontraídos con fenilefrina (0,1 μM). La relajación de la aorta fue en gran parte dependiente del endotelio y mediada por el óxido nítrico (NO). La dependencia de endotelio y NO se demostró por una caída drástica de la dilatación inducida por el extracto cuando el endotelio fue removido (10,6 +/- 2,3 por ciento) y cuando se inhibió la óxido nítrico sintasa (NOS) (12,3 +/- 2,5 por ciento) mediante nitro-L-arginina (L-NNA). Este resultado apoya el uso popular de S. crispum en el tratamiento de la hipertensión que puede ser debido, al menos en parte, al efecto vasodilatador de uno o más compuestos presentes en sus hojas y tallos. Se deben realizar más estudios para aclarar este fenómeno.


Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Rats , Aorta , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Solanum/chemistry , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
4.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 17(1): 112-119, Jan-Mar/2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-742921

ABSTRACT

Estudos com frutas e vegetais ricos em fibra alimentar tem demonstrado efeito redutor das concentrações sanguíneas de colesterol total, atuando de forma preventiva contra a hipercolesterolemia. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a composição química da farinha de cubiu e avaliar o efeito de seu consumo sobre a lipemia de ratos hipercolesterolêmicos. Foram utilizados 8 animais para cada tratamento, em 7 grupos sendo: 1 controle; 3 experimentais com 5%, 25% e 50% da recomendação de fibras (AIN-93) provenientes da farinha de cubiu; e 3 grupos per feeding tendo celulose e pectina como fonte de fibra alimentar nas mesmas proporções dos grupos experimentais. Ao final do ensaio foi verificado que não houve variação significativa no consumo de ração pelos animais e no ganho de massa corporal no decorrer do experimento. Os tratamentos com farinha de cubiu reduziram as concentrações de colesterol total (-21,6%), LDL-c (-56,8%), aumentaram a excreção de colesterol fecal (+116%), e diminuíram o colesterol hepático (-32,1%). Nenhum dos tratamentos promoveu alteração significativa nas concentrações de triglicerídeos. Os tratamentos com pectina e celulose demonstraram resultados semelhantes aos do cubiu. Os resultados observados servem como base para futuros estudos visando o aproveitamento biotecnológico deste fruto.


Studies with fruit and vegetables rich in dietary fiber have shown lowering effects on the blood concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), acting preventively against hypercholesterolemia. The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of cocona and evaluate the effect of the consumption of cocona flour on lipemia of Wistar rats with hypercholesterolemia. Eight animals were used for each treatment, in 7 groups: control; 3 experimental groups with 5%, 25% and 50% of the recommended fiber (AIN-93) from cocona flour; 3 groups per feeding with pectin and cellulose as source of dietary fiber, in the same proportions of the experimental groups. At the end of the assay, we verified that there were not significant variations in the consumption of the animals and the body weight during the experiment. Treatments with cocna flour were responsible for reducing the concentrations of total cholesterol (-21.6%), LDL-c (-56.8%), increasing the excretion of fecal cholesterol (+116%) and lowering the liver cholesterol (-32.1%). None of the treatments significantly altered the triglyceride concentrations. Treatments using pectin and cellulose show results similar to cocona. The observed results can be used in further studies aimed at the biotechnological exploitation of this fruit.


Subject(s)
Rats , /standards , Solanum/chemistry , Flour/analysis , Hypercholesterolemia/diet therapy , Dietary Fiber/pharmacology
5.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2013 Oct; 51(10): 833-839
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-149389

ABSTRACT

In traditional system of medicine S. xanthocarpum is used treating difficulty in urination and renal calculus. The objective of the present study was to scientifically evaluate diuretic potential of S. xanthocarpum. The study was divided into two phases of evaluation (acute and sub-acute) with administration of aqueous extract of S. xanthocarpum roots. The animals were treated with either aqueous extract of S. xanthocarpum (AqSX; 200, 400 mg/kg, po) or furosemide (25 mg/kg, po) or hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ; 25 mg/kg, po). In acute study, the treated animals were observed for urine volume, urine pH, urine and serum electrolytes and creatinine after 6th and 24th h. While in sub-acute study observations for above mentioned parameters were done on day 1, day 7 and day 14. Diuretic index, natriuretic and saluretic potential were also calculated. The results indicated strong diuretic potential with AqSX (400 mg/kg). The diuretic prospective of AqSX was similar to furosemide without any type of toxicity based on the observations of serum electrolytes, serum creatinine and urine creatinine measurement. The findings support ethnobotanical use of S. xanthocarpum.


Subject(s)
Animals , Diuretics/chemistry , Diuretics/pharmacology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Female , Male , Mice , Pilot Projects , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Roots/chemistry , Rats, Wistar , Solanum/chemistry , Urination/drug effects , Water/chemistry , Water/pharmacology
6.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 33(1): 78-87, ene.-mar. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-675135

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La planta Solanum nudum es ampliamente usada en la medicina tradicional del Pacífico colombiano para tratar las fiebres y la malaria, o paludismo, y se ha convertido en una fuente de nuevas moléculas promisorias. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto citotóxico y daño genético de extractos estandarizados de S. nudum en diferentes modelos celulares. Materiales y métodos. A 66 extractos estandarizados de S. nudum se les evaluó la actividad anti- Plasmodiumin vitro en dos cepas de Plasmodium falciparum, una sensible (NF54) y otra resistente (FCB2) a la cloroquina, y la citotoxicidad en células U937 y HepG2. Se seleccionaron los extractos que presentaron actividad anti- Plasmodium y baja toxicidad, y se les estimó su efecto hemolítico en eritrocitos sanos O + , el efecto mutagénico en las cepas TA98 y TA100 de Salmonella Typhimurium y el efecto genotóxico en células U937. Resultados. Se seleccionaron cinco extractos como promisorios (28MA1, 29MA1, 51MA1, 55MA1 y 61MA1), los cuales fueron activos en las cepas de P. falciparum con concentración inhibitoria 50 (CI 50 ) entre 9,8 y 54,8 µg/ml. El extracto 29MA1 fue el más selectivo para Plasmodium, con índice de selectividad de 4,4 y 14,5 para las células U937 y HepG2, respectivamente. En ningún extracto se observó efecto hemolítico a 250 µg/ml, no causaron mutaciones en las cepas TA98 y TA100 de S.Typhimurium, ni generaron efectos genotóxicos en células U937. Conclusiones. La utilización de extractos estandarizados de S. nudum contribuye con los trabajos encaminados al desarrollo de una nueva formulación farmacéutica para tratar la malaria a partir de productos naturales.


Introduction. The plant Solanum nudum (Solanaceae) is extensively used for the treatment of malaria-related symptoms in traditional medicine practices in the Colombian Pacific. Recently, it has become a significant source of promising new molecules for developing a pharmaceutical malaria treatment. Objective. This research aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and the genetic damage of standardized extracts of S. nudumon different cells. Materials and methods. Sixty six standardized S. nudum extracts were used, evaluating cytotoxicity in U937 and HepG2 cells and the antiplasmodial activity using both a chloroquine-sensitive (NF54) and a chloroquine-resistant (FCB2) strain. The hemolytic effect on healthy O + erythrocytes, the mutagenic effect on S.Typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains and the genotoxic effect on U937 cells were evaluated. The extracts that displayed both antiplasmodial activity and low toxicity were selected. Results. Five extracts were selected: 28MA1, 29MA1, 51MA1, 55MA1 and 61MA1. These extracts were active against P. falciparum with IC 50 between 9.8 and 54.8 µg/ml and selectivity indexes were calculated between 0.9 and 4.4, the latter for 29MA1. Also, no hemolytic effects in healthy O + erythrocytes were shown at a concentration of 250 µg/ml, nor did they cause mutations in the TA98 and TA100 strains or generate genotoxic effects in U937cells. Conclusion. The use of standardized extracts of S. nudum could contribute to the body of work aimed at developing a new pharmaceutical treatment for malaria using natural products.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antimalarials/toxicity , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Solanum/chemistry , Antimalarials/isolation & purification , Antimalarials/pharmacology , Biotransformation , Chloroquine/pharmacology , DNA Damage , DNA, Bacterial/drug effects , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Drug Resistance , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Hemolysis/drug effects , /drug effects , Medicine, Traditional , Mutagenicity Tests , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Solvents , Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects , /drug effects
7.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 62(4): 381-388, dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-714893

ABSTRACT

El tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) es apreciado por sus cualidades nutritivas y ser fuente de compuestos antioxidantes, calcio, fósforo, potasio y hierro, azúcares, ácidos orgánicos, pectinas y flavonoides. En este estudio se determinaron parámetros físicos (peso, tamaño, fuerza compresión, humedad) y químicos (°Brix, acidez titulable, pH, proteína, fibra dietaria, cenizas, minerales y bioaccesibilidad de minerales, pectina, compuestos antioxidantes) del fruto procedente del Estado Aragua, Venezuela, como una contribución para incentivar y diversificar su consumo. La caracterización reflejó que los frutos estaban en estado de madurez para su consumo (°Brix 10,51, pH 3,5, acidez 0,02 g/100 ml y fuerza de compresión 4,32 Kgf/cm2), con rendimiento de pulpa del 74%. Los resultados del análisis de la pulpa madura reflejan un aporte de 30 Kcal/100g, fibra dietaria (4,10g/100g) y valores de fósforo, calcio, magnesio potasio y hierro de 331,32; 21,25; 21,18; 17,03; 7,44 mg/100g respectivamente. Se obtuvo 6,71 y 1,86 % de bioaccesibilidad para calcio y hierro. La pectina extraída (1,00 g/100g) resultó ser de alto metoxilo y alto grado de esterificación. La capacidad antioxidante de la pulpa madura (EC50 de 165 g /g DPPH y poder reductor de 0,07 mmol Fe +2/100g) pudiera atribuirse a la presencia de ácido ascórbico (23,32 mg/100g), licopeno (1,22 mg/100g), compuestos fenólicos (1,39 mg EAG/ g), antocianinas (0,29 mg cianidina/g) y taninos (0,40 mg catequina/ 100g). Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados para promover los beneficios sobre la salud y sugerir su uso como ingrediente funcional en el desarrollo de productos.


Physical, chemical and bioactive compounds of tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea). Tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea) is appreciated for its excellent nutritional qualities, being considered a good source of antioxidants compounds, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and iron, sugars, organic acids, pectins and flavonoids. In this study, were evaluated physical parameters (weight, size, compression strength and humidity) and chemical (°Brix, titratable acidity, pH, protein, dietary fiber, ash, minerals and their bioaccesibility, pectin, antioxidants compounds) of the fruit from the Aragua State, Venezuela, as a contribution to stimulate and diversify the consumption of the tree tomato. The characterization showed that the fruits were at the ripening stage for consumption (°Brix 10.51, pH 3.5, acidity 0.02 g/100ml and 4.32 Kgf/cm2 compression strength) gave a yield of 74% pulp. The analytical results of the ripped pulp showed a content of 30 Kcal/100g, dietary fiber (4.10g/100g), and minerals such as phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron (331.32, 21.25, 21.18, 17.03 and 7.44 mg/100g, respectively). Bioaccesibility values of 6.71 and 1.86% were reported for calcium and iron. The extracted pectin (1.00 g/100g) was classified as high methoxyl with high degree of esterification. The antioxidant capacity of the ripped pulp (EC50 of 165.00 g /g DPPH and reducing power of 0.07 mmol Fe +2/100g), could be attributed to the presence of ascorbic acid (23.32 mg/100g), lycopene (1.22 mg/100 g), and phenolic compounds (1.39 mg GAE/g), anthocyanins (0.29 mg cyanidin/ g) and tannins (0.40 mg catechin/100g).The results obtained encourage the nutritional benefits and suggest applications as a functional ingredient in food product development.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/analysis , Fruit/chemistry , Solanaceae/chemistry , Ascorbic Acid/analysis , Carotenoids/analysis , Dietary Fiber/analysis , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Functional Food/analysis , Nutritive Value , Pectins/analysis , Phenols/analysis , Plant Extracts/analysis , Solanum/chemistry , Tannins/analysis , Venezuela
8.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(2): 585-595, jun. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-638105

ABSTRACT

Chemical composition of essential oils from leaves of Helicteres guazumifolia (Sterculiaceae), Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae), Scoparia dulcis (Arecaceae) and Solanum subinerme (Solanaceae) from Sucre, Venezuela. Essential oils, biosynthesized and accumulated in aromatic plants, have a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical health, cosmetics, food and agricultural industry. This study aimed to analyze the secondary metabolites in some plant species in order to contribute to their chemotaxonomy. Leaves from Helicteres guazumifolia, Piper tuberculatum, Scoparia dulcis and Solanum subinerme were collected and their essential oils were obtained by means of hydro-distillation. The oil fraction was analyzed and identified by GC/MS. The extraction yields were of 0.004, 0.032, 0.016 and 0.005%, and the oil constituents of 88.00, 89.80, 87.50 and 89.47%, respectively. The principal oils found were: non-terpenoids volatile secondary metabolites (30.28%) in H. guazumifolia; sesquiterpenoids (20.82 and 26.09%) and oxigen derivated (52.19 and 25.18%) in P. tuberculatum and S. dulcis; and oxigen diterpenoids (39.67%) in S. subinerme. The diisobuthylphtalate (13.11 %) in H. guazumifolia, (-)-spathulenol (11.37%) in P. tuberculatum and trans-phytol (8.29 and 36.00%) in S. dulcis and S. subinerme, were the principal constituents in their respective essential oils. The diisooctylphtalate were the essential oil common to all species, but the volatile compounds such as trans-pinane, L-linalool, β-ionone, isophytol, neophytadiene, trans-phytol, dibutylphtalate and methyl hexadecanoate, were only detected in three of these essences. This suggests that these plants may require similar secondary metabolites for their ecological interactions, possibly due to common environmental factors. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (2): 585-595. Epub 2011 June 01.


Los aceites esenciales son biosintetizados por plantas aromáticas y pueden obtenerse de cualquier órgano de la misma, tienen gran aplicación en la industria farmacéutica, sanitaria, cosmética, agrícola y de alimentos. Los aceites esenciales de las hojas de las plantas Helicteres guazumifolia, Piper tuberculatum, Scoparia dulcis y Solanum subinerme fueron obtenidos mediante hidrodestilación con rendimientos de 0.004, 0.032, 0.016 y 0.005%, respectivamente. La CG/EM permitió identificar la mayoría de los constituyentes de estos aceites esenciales (88.00, 89.80, 87.50 y 89.47%, respectivamente), encontrándose en mayor proporción metabolitos no volátiles de estructura no terpenoidal en H. guazumifolia (30.28%), sesquiterpenoides oxigenados en P. tuberculatum (52.19%), sesquiterpenos en S. dulcis (26.09%) y derivados oxigenados de diterpenos en S. subinerme (39.67%). Los constituyentes mayoritarios fueron el diisobutilftalato (13.11%) en H. guazumifolia, (-)-espatulenol (11.37%) en P. tuberculatum y el trans-fitol (8.29 y 36.00%) para S. dulcis y S. subinerme, respectivamente. El diisooctilftalato fue el constituyente común en los aceites esenciales de todas las especies y los compuestos volátiles trans-pinano, L-linalool, β-ionona, isofitol, neofitadieno, trans-fitol, dibutilftalato y hexadecanoato de metilo, fueron detectados en tres de estas esencias. Esto sugiere que dichas plantas pueden requerir metabolitos secundarios similares para su interacción ecológica, posiblemente debido a factores ambientales comunes.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Piper/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Oils/chemistry , Scoparia/chemistry , Solanum/chemistry , Malvaceae/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification , Plant Oils/isolation & purification , Venezuela
9.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(5): 683-688, Aug. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-528073

ABSTRACT

Steroids from Solanum nudum (SNs) have demonstrated antiplasmodial activity against erythrocytic stages of the Plasmodium falciparum strain FCB-2. It is well known that steroids can alter the membrane function of erythrocytes. Thus, we assessed alterations in the membranes of uninfected red blood cells, the parasite invasiveness and the solute-induced lysis of parasitised red blood cells (pRBCs). induced by SNs. We found that most merozoites were unable to invade SN-treated erythrocytes. However, transmission electron microscopy revealed no effect on the morphology of uninfected erythrocytes treated with either SN2 or diosgenone and neither SN induced haemolysis of uninfected erythrocytes. SN2 and SN4 inhibited isosmotic sorbitol and alanine-induced haemolysis of pRBCs. In contrast, diosgenone and SN1 did not inhibit solute-induced haemolysis. The inhibition of solute-induced lysis of parasitised erythrocytes by SN2 and SN4 suggest an action of these SNs on new permeability pathways of pRBCs.


Subject(s)
Erythrocytes , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Solanum/chemistry , Steroids/pharmacology , Cell Membrane/drug effects , Cell Membrane/ultrastructure , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Erythrocytes/parasitology , Hemolysis/drug effects , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plasmodium falciparum/ultrastructure , Steroids/chemistry , Steroids/isolation & purification
10.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 59(1): 88-94, mar. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-588675

ABSTRACT

Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is a native fruit of the Andes, cultivated and consumed mainly in Ecuador, Colombia, and Central America. Because of its pleasant aroma and attractive color, it has high potential as an ingredient of products such as juices, nectars, and jams. The main characteristics of mature naranjilla fruits cultivated in Costa Rica were assessed, including sugar content, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC), and total polyphenolic and ascorbic acid content. Carotenoid and volatile compound identification was also done. The samples showed sucrose, glucose, and fructose content of 1.6 ± 0.3, 0.68 ± 0.05, and 0.7 ± 0.1 g/100 g, respectively. Total titratable acidity was 2.63 ± 0.07 g citric acid equivalent / 100 g and total soluble solids amounted to 9.1 ± 0.5 ºBrix. H-ORAC value was 17 ± 1 µmol Trolox equivalent / g, total polyphenolic content was 48 ± 3 mg gallic acid equivalent / 100 g and ascorbic acid content was 12.5 ± 0.0 mg/100 g. Carotenoid content of the whole fruit and pulp was 33.3 ± 0.6 and 7.2 ± 0.3 µg/g, respectively. The predominant carotenoid among the compounds identified in the whole fruit was β-carotene. Ten volatile compounds were identified in naranjilla pulp, the predominant being methyl butanoate. The chemical composition of naranjilla cultivated in Costa Rica does not seem to differ from that previously reported in studies at different locations.


La naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.) es una fruta nativa de los Andes, cultivada y consumida principalmente en Ecuador, Colombia y América Central. Las principales características de frutas de naranjilla maduras cultivadas en Costa Rica fueron evaluadas, incluyendo contenido de azúcares, acidez titulable total, sólidos solubles totales, capacidad de absorbancia de radicales de oxígeno (H-ORAC) y contenido de polifenoles totales y ácido ascórbico. La identificación de carotenoides y compuestos volátiles fue también realizada. Las muestras presentaron contenidos de sacarosa, glucosa y fructosa de 1.6 ± 0.3, 0.68 ± 0.05 y 0.7 ± 0.1 g/100 g, respectivamente. La acidez titulable total fue 2.63 ± 0.07 g equivalentes de ácido cítrico / 100 g y los sólidos solubles totales fueron 9.1 ± 0.5 ºBrix. El valor de H-ORAC fue 17 ± 1 µmol equivalentes de Trolox / g, el contenido de polifenoles totales fue 48 ± 3 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico / 100 g y el contenido de ácido ascórbico fue 12.5 ± 0.0 mg/100 g. El contenido de carotenoides de la fruta completa y la pulpa fue 33.3 ± 0.6 y 7.2 ± 0.3 µg/g, respectivamente. El carotenoide predominante en los compuestos identificados en las frutas completas fue β-caroteno. Diez compuestos volátiles fueron identificados en la pulpa de naranjilla, siendo el predominante el butanoato de metilo. La composición química de naranjilla cultivada en Costa Rica aparenta no diferir de aquella reportada previamente en estudios realizados en lugares diferentes.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/analysis , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis , Chemical Compounds/analysis , Solanum/chemistry
11.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 80(3): 427-432, Sept. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-491823

ABSTRACT

To find out natural antimicrobial agents as alternative in therapeutics and to preserve food, the methanol extract of Solanum palinacanthum aerial parts was submitted to purification steps guided by antibacterial and antifungal assays. As a consequence, the flavonoid rutin and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were isolated by column chromatographyand high performance liquid chromatography, and identified by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the quinic acid derivative against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and the fungus Aspergillus ochraceus were 250, 1000, 1000 and > 568µg/mL, respectively. Against the same microorganisms, MIC for rutin were 1000, > 1000, > 1000 and 35µg/mL, respectively. Rutinwas very promising for A. ochraceus control, since its MIC against such fungus was close to the one observed for benzalkonium chloride, which is used as a fungicide in Brazil.


Com vistas a descobrir antimicrobianos de origem natural para uso terapêutico ou para a preservação de alimentos, o extrato metanólico das partes aéreas de Solanum palinacanthum foi submetido a fracionamentos direcionados por testes para avaliar a atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica. Em decorrência, o flavonóide rutina e o ácido 3,5-dicafeoilquínico foram isolados por cromatografia em coluna e por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, para serem identificados por espectrometria de massas e de ressonância magnética nuclear. As concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIM) do derivado do ácido cafeico contra Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus e o fungo Aspergillus ochraceus foram 250, 1000, 1000 e > 568µg/mL, respectivamente. Contra os mesmos organismos, os valores de CIM para a rutina foram 1000, > 1000, > 1000 e 35µg/mL, respectivamente. A rutina mostrou-se muito promissora para o controle de A. ochraceus, pois seu valor de CIM contra tal fungo foi bem próximo ao observado para o cloreto de benzalcônio, que é empregado como fungicida no Brasil.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Solanum/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Aspergillus ochraceus/drug effects , Chromatography , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mass Spectrometry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts/pharmacology
12.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 17(4): 542-548, out.-dez. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-476203

ABSTRACT

The plants consumed as remedy by the population may have imprecise taxonomical identification. If these plants are used for the production of phytomedicines such misidentification may affect the quality of the product. Hereby, we describe markers for identification of the entire plant or grounded plant material or the crude extract of Solanum cernuum Vell. (Solanaceae). Specimens from four localities were collected, analyzed and compared. Morphological characters were used to identify the plant when it is not grounded or extracted. However, when the plant material is grounded, the set of trichomes may be used as anatomical marker. The region ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 of the nuclear ribosomal DNA was cloned and sequenced. The sequence, with length of about 600 base pairs, being 48.1 percent AT , was deposited in GenBank under the accession number DQ837371. Once this sequence is specific to S. cernuum, it was used as marker for this species. For the crude extract, chromatographic profiles of the leaves extracts were obtained by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two flavonoids were isolated and identified as quercitrin and afzelin. So, this study presents morphological, anatomical, macro and micromolecular markers to identify S. cernuum.


Plantas consumidas como remédio nem sempre são identificadas taxonomicamente de maneira correta. Se estas plantas forem utilizadas para obtenção de uma droga vegetal ou um fitoterápico, tal erro pode afetar a qualidade do produto final. Neste trabalho são descritos marcadores para a identificação de Solanum cernuum Vell. (Solanaceae), esteja a planta íntegra, triturada ou como extrato bruto. Indivíduos de quatro localidades de Minas Gerais foram coletados, analisados e comparados. Os caracteres morfológicos foram utilizados para a planta íntegra. Para a planta triturada, o conjunto dos tricomas foi utilizado como marcador anatômico. Um marcador macromolecular também foi determinado. Para tal a região ITS1, 5.8S e ITS2 do DNAr foi clonada e seqüenciada. A seqüência, com cerca de 600 pares de bases dos quais 48,1 por cento são AT, foi depositada no GenBank sob o número de acesso DQ837371. Por ser uma seqüência específica para S. cernuum, ela pode ser usada como marcador desta espécie. Para o extrato bruto foram determinados perfis cromatográficos de extratos das folhas por cromatografia em camada delgada e por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Dois flavonóides foram isolados e identificados como quercitrina e afzelina. Assim, neste trabalho foram determinados marcadores morfológicos, anatômicos, macro e micromoleculares para identificar S. cernuum.


Subject(s)
Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Solanaceae/anatomy & histology , Solanaceae/chemistry , Solanum/genetics , Solanum/chemistry
13.
Acta cient. venez ; 57(3): 116-119, 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-537138

ABSTRACT

La Sección Geminata es una de las más grandes del género Solanum, incluyendo un total de 126 especies que han sido separadas en 16 grupos, de los cuales 12 están representados en Venezuela con 35 especies. El objetivo de este trabajo fue hacer la revisión taxonómica de las especies S. capillipes, S. dissimile, S. erosomarginatum, S. ombrophilum y S. tenuiflagellatum pertenecientes al Grupo de Especies Solanum confine y presentes en Venezuela. Se utilizó material fresco y de los herbarios HERZU, MER, MERF, MO, MY, PORT, US y VEN, procesado para su estudio según las técnicas taxonómicas convencionales. Se incluye descripción, distribución geográfica, hábitat e ilustración de cada una de las especies, asimismo se ofrece una clave para las especies registradas.


The Section Geminata is one of the biggest of the genus Solanum, including a total of 126 species that have beenseparated in 16 groups of which 12 are represented in Venezuela with 35 species. The objective of this work was to make the taxonomic revision of the species S. capillipes, S. dissimile, S. erosomarginatum, S. ombrophilum and S. tenuiflagellatum belonging to the Group of Species Solanum confine and present in Venezuela. Fresh material was used and dried belonging to the herbaria HERZU, MER, MERF, MO, MY, PORT, US and VEN, processed for its study according to the taxonomic conventional technical. Description, geographical distribution, habitat and illustration of each one of the species is included, also a key for the registered species.


Subject(s)
Senecio/classification , Senecio/chemistry , Solanaceae/classification , Solanaceae/chemistry , Solanum/chemistry , Agriculture , Botany
14.
J Environ Biol ; 2005 Jun; 26(2 Suppl): 399-401
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-113758

ABSTRACT

Mosquito larvicidal activity of crude carbon-tetra-chloride, methanol and petroleum ether extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum fruits was examined against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Among the extracts tested, carbon-tetra-chloride extract was the most effective with LC50 values of 5.11 ppm after 24 hours and 1.27 ppm after 48 hours of treatment against An. stephensi. In the case of Cx. quinquefasciatus the petroleum ether extract was observed as most toxic with LC50 values of 62.62 ppm after 24 hours and 59.45 ppm after 48 hours of exposure period respectively. It is, therefore, suggested that S. xanthocarpum can be applied as an ideal potential larvicide against An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus.


Subject(s)
Alkanes , Animals , Carbon Tetrachloride , Culicidae/drug effects , Fruit/chemistry , Insect Control/methods , Larva/drug effects , Lethal Dose 50 , Methanol , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Solanum/chemistry , Time Factors
15.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-20924

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Many hepatoprotective herbal preparations have been recommended in alternative systems of medicine for the treatment of hepatic disorders. No systematic study has been done on protective efficacy of Solanum trilobatum to treat hepatic diseases. Protective action of Solanum trilobatum extract (STE) was evaluated by us in an animal model of hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). METHODS: Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. Group I was normal control group; Group II, the hepatotoxic group was given CCl4; Groups III-V received different doses of plant extract with CCl(4). Liver marker enzymes were assayed in serum and antioxidant status was assessed in liver tissue. RESULTS: Levels of marker enzymes such as alanine transminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were increased significantly in CCl4 treated rats (group II). STE brought about a significant decrease in the activities of all these enzymes. Lipid peroxidation (LP) was increased significant in liver tissue in the CCl4 treated rats (group II) while the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased. STE treatment led to the recovery of these levels to near normal. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The present observations suggested that the treatment with S. trilobatum extract enhance the recovery from CCl4 induced hepatic damage due to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective property.


Subject(s)
Alanine Transaminase/blood , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Animals , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Liver Diseases/chemically induced , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Solanum/chemistry , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
16.
Rio de Janeiro/Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2001. xii, 105 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-933760

ABSTRACT

A maioria das plantas medicinais consumidas pela população e utilizada pela indústria farmacêutica é geralmente imprecisa na sua identificação toxonômica. Isto afeta a qualidade e eficácia da droga vegeral, além do uso dos fitoterápicos em geral. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o controle de qualidade de drogas comercializadas, inteiras ou trituradas, buscamos marcadores para autenticação de vegetais, que utilizem, além das características morfológicas e anatômicas, seu perfil micromolecular e genômico. Utilizamos neste estudo a 'panacéia', um vegetal largamente utilizado pela população de Minas Gerais como hemostático, sudorífero e diurético, dentre outros usos. Uma das espécies conhecidas por este nome é a Solanum cernuum Vell., da família Solanacease, que pode ser adquirida sem receituário em várias farmácias de BH. Nesta espécie, os caracteres morfológicos podem ser empregados para a identidicação, se as plantas forem comercializadas inteiras. Porém, em plantas trituradas, a presença dos ápices dos tricomas, pode ser um indicativo da presença da espécie. Neste estudo, um perfil cromatográfico característico do extrato de folhas de S. cernuum foi obtido por CCD e por CLAE. Duas substâncias foram isoladas deste extrato, identificadas como glicosídeos flavônicos. Análise do perfil de amplificação obtido por RAPD e por amplificação de regiões espaçadoras do DNA ribossomal mostraram perfis característicos para S. cernuum. Cinco amostras de panacéia do comércio de BH foram analisadas em paralelo com o padrão de S. cernuum. Constatamos que a amostra da Catedral Farmácia Homeopática, não continha S. cernuum. A confirmação da presença ou ausência da espécie é possível utilizando apenas um dos métodos propostos. Entretanto, recomendamos que pelo menos dois métodos sejam empregados, para que tenhamos resultados mais confiáveis.


Subject(s)
Nostrums/chemistry , Nostrums/isolation & purification , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Solanaceae/anatomy & histology , Solanaceae/chemistry , Biomarkers/analysis , Biomarkers/chemistry , Nonprescription Drugs/therapeutic use , Quality Control , Solanum/anatomy & histology , Solanum/chemistry
17.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2001. xii,105 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539649

ABSTRACT

A maioria das plantas medicinais consumidas pela população e utilizada pela indústria farmacêutica é geralmente imprecisa na sua identificação toxonômica. Isto afeta a qualidade e eficácia da droga vegeral, além do uso dos fitoterápicos em geral. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o controle de qualidade de drogas comercializadas, inteiras ou trituradas, buscamos marcadores para autenticação de vegetais, que utilizem, além das características morfológicas e anatômicas, seu perfil micromolecular e genômico. Utilizamos neste estudo a 'panacéia', um vegetal largamente utilizado pela população de Minas Gerais como hemostático, sudorífero e diurético, dentre outros usos. Uma das espécies conhecidas por este nome é a Solanum cernuum Vell., da família Solanacease, que pode ser adquirida sem receituário em várias farmácias de BH. Nesta espécie, os caracteres morfológicos podem ser empregados para a identidicação, se as plantas forem comercializadas inteiras. Porém, em plantas trituradas, a presença dos ápices dos tricomas, pode ser um indicativo da presença da espécie. Neste estudo, um perfil cromatográfico característico do extrato de folhas de S. cernuum foi obtido por CCD e por CLAE. Duas substâncias foram isoladas deste extrato, identificadas como glicosídeos flavônicos. Análise do perfil de amplificação obtido por RAPD e por amplificação de regiões espaçadoras do DNA ribossomal mostraram perfis característicos para S. cernuum. Cinco amostras de panacéia do comércio de BH foram analisadas em paralelo com o padrão de S. cernuum. Constatamos que a amostra da Catedral Farmácia Homeopática, não continha S. cernuum. A confirmação da presença ou ausência da espécie é possível utilizando apenas um dos métodos propostos. Entretanto, recomendamos que pelo menos dois métodos sejam empregados, para que tenhamos resultados mais confiáveis.


Subject(s)
Nostrums/isolation & purification , Nostrums/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Solanaceae/anatomy & histology , Solanaceae/chemistry , Biomarkers/analysis , Biomarkers/chemistry , Nonprescription Drugs/therapeutic use , Quality Control , Solanum/anatomy & histology , Solanum/chemistry
18.
Rio de Janeiro/Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2001. xii,105 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-536121

ABSTRACT

A maioria das plantas medicinais consumidas pela população e utilizada pela indústria farmacêutica é geralmente imprecisa na sua identificação toxonômica. Isto afeta a qualidade e eficácia da droga vegetal, além do uso dos fitoterápicos em geral. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o controle de qualidade de drogas comercializadas, inteiras ou trituradas, buscamos marcadores para autenticação de vegetais, que utilizem, além das características morfológicas e anatômicas, seu perfil micromolecular e genômico. Utilizamos neste estudo a 'panacéia', um vegetal largamente utilizado pela população de Minas Gerais como hemostático, sudorífero e diurético, dentre outros usos. Uma das espécies conhecidas por este nome é a Solanum cernuum Vell., da família Solanacease, que pode ser adquirida sem receituário em várias farmácias de BH. Nesta espécie, os caracteres morfológicos podem ser empregados para a identidicação, se as plantas forem comercializadas inteiras. Porém, em plantas trituradas, a presença dos ápices dos tricomas, pode ser um indicativo da presença da espécie. Neste estudo, um perfil cromatográfico característico do extrato de folhas de S. cernuum foi obtido por CCD e por CLAE. Duas substâncias foram isoladas deste extrato, identificadas como glicosídeos flavônicos. Análise do perfil de amplificação obtido por RAPD e por amplificação de regiões espaçadoras do DNA ribossomal mostraram perfis característicos para S. cernuum. Cinco amostras de panacéia do comércio de BH foram analisadas em paralelo com o padrão de S. cernuum. Constatamos que a amostra da Catedral Farmácia Homeopática, não continha S. cernuum. A confirmação da presença ou ausência da espécie é possível utilizando apenas um dos métodos propostos. Entretanto, recomendamos que pelo menos dois métodos sejam empregados, para que tenhamos resultados mais confiáveis.


Subject(s)
Nostrums/isolation & purification , Nostrums/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Solanaceae/anatomy & histology , Solanaceae/chemistry , Biomarkers/analysis , Biomarkers/chemistry , Nonprescription Drugs/therapeutic use , Quality Control , Solanum/anatomy & histology , Solanum/chemistry
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